Statistická ročenka Ústeckého kraje
Methodology
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4. MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS, EXPORTS, FINANCE, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SOCIETY
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS To regionalize gross domestic product and gross value added we newly employed the pseudo-bottom-up method. Basically, it means that for organizations of uni-regional character in sectors – non-financial corporations and households – data were directly aggregated, and for organizations of multi-regional character data were estimated directly for local units according to the regional structure of paid wages. The regionalization of Gross Fixed Capital Formation is made via the volume of investments by place of construction. This chapter includes also data on the Net Disposable Income of Households. The regional GDP indicator and indicators derived from it are yearly revised in accordance with data revisions on national level and methodological changes. For the purpose of international comparisons, some indicators were converted according to PPS (Purchasing Power Standards) using valid coefficients issued by Eurostat (for Net Disposable Income of Households is used PPCS - Purchasing Power Consumption Standards). All the data in the time series are fully comparable. Gross Domestic Product is a key indicator of development of the economy. It represents a sum of values added by processing in all branches in activities that are considered within the system of national accounts to be productive (i.e. including services of both market and non-market character). It is used for measuring of performance of the entire economy. It serves to comparison of the rate of economic development of the given country and its regions. Gross Value Added is gross domestic product without taxes and subsidies on products (when classifying by branch, it is impossible to allocate taxes or subsidies on products by branch). Gross domestic product from the point of view of uses equals to the sum of final consumption (of households, the government and non-profit organizations serving households), gross capital formation (fixed capital and balance of inventories) and external trade deficit. Gross Fixed Capital Formation:
Net Disposable Income of Households is an amount that households can give to final consumption, savings of financial assets and to accumulation of both tangible and intangible assets. It shows, how the balance of primary income is placed by re-distribution: by current taxes on income, social contributions and benefits and other current transfers. The indicator shows to a great extent the level of material wealth of households permanently residing in individual regions. EXTERNAL TRADE In relation to international practice of some of the EU member states, the Czech Statistical Office surveys external trade with goods according to individual regions. The data sources are data of customs statistics processed from the Single Administrative Documents. Published are only data on exports of goods of individual regions. As for imports, the precise place of final use of goods is unknown in many cases. FINANCE This subchapter contains selected data on income and expenditure of regional offices, municipalities and voluntary unions of municipalities. With regards to changes of budget rules, it is possible to publish a comparable time series from the year 2003. Data are taken over from the Ministry of Finance, which processes the necessary data from financial statements of individual territorial self-governing units. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The terms research and development are defined in the Czech Republic by the Act on Support for Research and Development from Public Funds. Research and development (R&D) is defined as systematic creative work carried out to obtain new knowledge or to use it. Research comprises creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, using methods which allow confirming, supplementing or refuting the knowledge obtained. Development is systematic creative work drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or equipment, introducing new or improved technologies, systems and services, including acquisition and testing of prototypes, pilot plants or demonstration plants. The way of observation and coverage of R&D employees:
Intramural R&D expenditures are all R&D expenditures made within the statistical unit or sector irrespective of the source of finance. Expenditures made outside the statistical unit or sector but in support of intramural R&D (e.g. purchase of supplies for R&D) are included. INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES: 2004–2006 The data in the table come from the innovation survey for 2004–2006 which measured innovative potential of enterprises in the Czech Republic. The methodology for data collection and processing is in the OECD Oslo Manual and EU Council Decision No 94/78 and fully complies with the methodology and recommendations of Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Communities). The basic sample of the survey included reporting units with 10+ employees of the business enterprise sector in selected CZ-NACE activities, including services (financial and non-financial). The main focus of the survey was technical innovation (i.e. generation of new or improvement of existing products, technologies and processes). This concept of innovation represents a process of making continuous changes (in technical product solutions, technology, materials used, etc.) and includes as follows:
INNOVATION COSTS AND SHARE OF INNOVATED AND NEW PRODUCTS IN TURNOVER: 2006 Total costs of innovative activities in 2006 include: intramural R&D, extramural R&D, acquisition of machinery and equipment (state-of-the-art machines, computer hardware purchased for the purpose of introducing new or significantly improved products and/or processes), acquisition of other external knowledge (purchase or licensing of patents and non-patented inventions, know-how, trademarks, software and other types of knowledge from other enterprises or organisations), training (internal or external training for personnel specifically for the development and/or introduction of new or significantly improved products and processes) and design and other forms of production/distribution preparation (procedures and technical preparation leading to introduction of products and process innovation not elsewhere classified). INFORMATION SOCIETY Information society is a term used in connection with the implementation and development of new information and communication technologies and systems (the Internet, mobile phones, electronic commerce, etc.) in the most various areas of everyday life. Statistics on the information society aims at describing the production (supply) of advanced information and communication technologies on the one hand and the spread, degree and forms of using these technologies and systems in individual sectors of society on the other hand. Information and communication technologies (ICT) generally refer to technologies, systems, activities and processes that participate in displaying, processing, storing and transmitting of information and data by electronic means. PC user refers to an individual who used PC in the last three months. Internet user refers to an individual who used the Internet in the last three months. Purchase via the Internet: purchase of goods and services implemented by means of computer networks based on Internet protocols, most frequently through the seller’s www interface. Purchases implemented by virtue of orders made on the basis of information obtained from the Internet and placed in a classic way (telephone, fax, written order) or through classic, hand-written and dispatched e-mails are not included. The goods or services have to be ordered electronically via the seller’s Internet-www interface to be counted in. The goods ordered in this manner can be paid for and delivered off-line, not through the Internet. LIVING CONDITIONS Based on the EU membership and in compliance with Act No. 89/1995 Sb., on State Statistical Service, as amended, the CZSO conducted in the period from February to April 2008 another sample survey on income and living conditions of households 2006. The aim of the survey, which was taken also in majority of other European countries, was to obtain fully comparable data on social and economic situation of the population in the EU countries. In addition to this international comparison the survey supplied data necessary for the assessment of the economic situation in the Czech households, i.e. income broken by individual types of households, type, quality and costs of housing, consumer durables in household, etc. Data were collected in all regions of the Czech Republic. Using a two-stage probability sampling the total of 11 611 housekeeping households were selected in the Czech Republic so that the number of dwellings was proportionate to the size of individual regions. Necessary data were successfully collected in 9 675 households (83,3% of surveyed households). The values obtained were grossed up to the whole population. The results of the survey are representative data for the region only and are published solely for the purpose of inter-regional comparison. The sampling unit was a dwelling, which means that the survey covers all persons who at the time of survey had the residence in the surveyed dwelling including persons temporarily absent, i.e. foreign nationals and sub-tenants. Persons performing work activity in the prevailing part of 2006 were considered persons employed including those enjoying sickness insurance benefits and students performing a continuous work activity simultaneously with their studies. The unemployed were those individuals who were registered by the labour office in the prevailing part of 2006 or persons actively searching employment and prepared to start work within the next two weeks. Consumption unit is a household reporting economies as a result of bigger number of household members, i.e. lower costs of goods and services used by bigger number of household members (household appliances, electricity, etc.). Data on income include total income of a household, i.e. income of its individual members and income of households as a whole. Monetary income is presented as gross income. Upon respective deductions net income of households was produced. The total net income of a household included also income in-kind such as consumption of household own production and goods from own businesses. In order to compare income of different types of households mean values per person or per household were used. The subsistence minimum was calculated separately for each private household according to its composition using amounts stipulated by law and valid in 2006. * * * Other regional information on macroekonic indicators, extelnal trade, finance, research and development and information society and living conditions is available in the following CZSO publications:
Other information is published on the CZSO web pages: |
